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THE LIVONIAN ORDER OF TEUTONIC KNIGHTS The Livonian Order was
an autonomous Livonian branch of the Teutonic Order and a member of the Livonian Confederation from 1435-1561. After being
defeated by Samogitians in the 1236 Battle of Schaulen (Saule), the remnants of the Livonian Brothers of the Sword were incorporated
into the Teutonic Knights and became known as the Livonian Order in 1237.
Between 1237 and 1290, the Livonian Order conquered all of Courland, Livonia, and Semigallia, but the Order's attempts to
invade the neighboring Novgorod Republic were unsuccessful and its army was eventually defeated in the Battle of Rakvere (1268).
In 1346, the Order bought the Duchy of Estonia from King Valdemar IV of Denmark. Life within the Order's territory is described
in the Chronicle of Balthasar Russow (Chronica der Provinz Lyfflandt).  The Body Armor used by the Knights of The Livonian Order The Teutonic Order fell into decline following its defeat in the Battle of Grunwald in 1410 and the secularization of its Prussian territories by Albert of Brandenburg in 1525, but the Livonian Order managed to maintain an independent existence. The Livonian Order's defeat in the Battle of Swienta (Pabaiskas) on September 1, 1435, which claimed the lives of the master and several high ranking knights, brought the order closer to its neighbors in Livonia. The Livonian Confederation agreement (eiine fruntliche eyntracht) was signed in Walk on December 4. 1435 by the archbishop of Riga, the bishops of Courland, Dorpat, Ösel-Wiek and Reval; the representatives of the Livonan Order and vassals, and the deputies of Riga, Reval and Dorpat city municipal councils. |
